{"id":59,"date":"2021-09-01T11:22:21","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T15:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/?page_id=59"},"modified":"2021-09-01T19:00:16","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T23:00:16","slug":"09-01-lines-and-svgs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/daily-notes\/09-01-lines-and-svgs\/","title":{"rendered":"09-01 Lines and SVGs"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Agenda<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Personal introductions<\/li>\n<li>Rule-Based Drawing Games (Algorithm Ice-Breaker)\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZQY4v5GItes\">Sprouts<\/a><\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/conditionaldesign.org\/workshops\/the-beach\/\">The Beach<\/a><\/em>\u00a0[<em>Each turn, find the most empty space on the paper and place a dot in the middle of it.<\/em>]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Web site overview (Deliverables, Daily Notes, login procedure)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/golancoursecalendar\">Google calendar<\/a> &amp; semester grand overview<\/li>\n<li>Examine Offering #1; Upload &amp; post your Drawing Machine<\/li>\n<li>Review Drawing Machines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Break (2:50-3:00)<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drawing Machines, 1950-1970<\/li>\n<li>Deep Dive: Vera Molnar<\/li>\n<li>Tools &amp; Resources; Scalable Vector Graphics. Re-Coding <em>Des(Ordres)<\/em>, 1970.<\/li>\n<li>Lines! A line is a dot that went for a walk.<\/li>\n<li>Overview, <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/offerings\/2-generating-svgs\/\">Offerings #2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Drawing Machines, 1950-1970<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6orsmFndx_o&amp;t=258s\">Ivan Sutherland&#8217;s <\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6orsmFndx_o&amp;t=258s\">Sketchpad<\/a>,<\/em> MIT 1963 (Action starts at 4:20)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Slide0003.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-72\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Slide0003.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"La machine \u00e0 dessiner.\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4-NrTsq6bsg?start=30&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Jean Tinguely, Swiss kinetic sculptor known for the self destructing machine (1960).<br \/>\nIn the 1950s, he produced a body of work known as\u00a0<em>metamatics<\/em>. These were a parody of American \u201caction\u201d painting, such as by Jackson Pollock.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-73\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"802\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics2.jpg 802w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics2-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics2-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 85vw, 802px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-74\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics3.jpg 570w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics3-353x480.jpg 353w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 85vw, 570px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics4.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-75\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Jean-Tinguely-metamatics4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"472\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Slide00061.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-76\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Slide00061.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the early 1950s, American mathematician and artist Ben Laposky made the first images that we would now call computer-generated, photographing the output of an oscilloscope.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Slide00071.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Slide00071.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>American animator, Mary Ellen Bute used a similar technique in the early 1950s, to produce abstract animated films which she called \u2018Abstronic\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-1-640x222-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-78\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-1-640x222-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"222\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the 1950s, British artist Desmond Paul Henry created plotter drawings using decommissioned analog\/mechanical \u201cbombsight computers\u201d which were employed in World War II bombers to calculate the accurate trajectories of bombs and missiles. (This strategy was also used by American abstract animator, John Whitney.)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry-machine.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-80\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry-machine-974x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"883\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry-machine-974x1024.jpg 974w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry-machine-457x480.jpg 457w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry-machine-768x807.jpg 768w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry-machine-1200x1262.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry-machine.jpg 1264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 600px;\"><figcaption id=\"figcaption_attachment_825\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry5.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-81\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"837\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry5.jpg 459w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry5-344x480.jpg 344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry6.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-82\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry6.jpg 480w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry6-372x480.jpg 372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-83\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Desmond-Paul-Henry2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"706\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>These artists seemed to be fascinated by the apparent randomness (unpredictability) of these machines and let them \u201cdo their thing\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>On the opposite side of the algorithmic spectrum, there was Sol LeWitt, who didn\u2019t use computers but conceived many of his works as a <em>series of instructions<\/em>. In point of fact, they were indeed intended to be created by &#8220;machines&#8221;: art gallery workers.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-85\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a-835x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a-835x1024.jpg 835w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a-392x480.jpg 392w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a-768x942.jpg 768w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a-1253x1536.jpg 1253w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a-1200x1471.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_a.jpg 1305w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 85vw, 835px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-86\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b-835x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b-835x1024.jpg 835w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b-392x480.jpg 392w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b-768x942.jpg 768w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b-1253x1536.jpg 1253w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b-1200x1471.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_b.jpg 1305w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 85vw, 835px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is the result of the sequence of instructions.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_c.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-87\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_c-383x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"598\" height=\"1599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_c-383x1024.jpg 383w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sol_le_witt_c-180x480.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 85vw, 598px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>What is the status of authorship and ownership when the works are just instructions that anybody can execute?<\/p>\n<p>Sol Lewitt was part of the <em>Conceptualist<\/em> movement. In the 1960s these artists enjoyed provoking the question as to whether an artwork could take the form of a set of instructions, i.e. if the artwork, technically, had no material existence. Another participant in this (and the related Fluxus movement) was Yoko Ono, who created a book of instructional \u201cpaintings\u201d called\u00a0<em>Grapefruit<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tumblr_mh5h44s4361qe31lco1_r1_500-449x480-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tumblr_mh5h44s4361qe31lco1_r1_500-449x480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tumblr_mh5h44s4361qe31lco7_500-480x480-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-91\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tumblr_mh5h44s4361qe31lco7_500-480x480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tumblr_mh5h44s4361qe31lco7_500-480x480-1.jpg 480w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tumblr_mh5h44s4361qe31lco7_500-480x480-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 85vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In parallel with conceptual art, another form of procedural or rule-based art evolved around this time as well: Optical Art, or \u201cOp-Art\u201d. A leader of this movement was Hungarian artist, Victor Vasarely:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/VASARELY-Litho_orange2-481x480-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-93\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/VASARELY-Litho_orange2-481x480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/VASARELY-Litho_orange2-481x480-1.jpg 481w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/VASARELY-Litho_orange2-481x480-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vas-vega-480x480-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-94\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vas-vega-480x480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vas-vega-480x480-1.jpg 480w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vas-vega-480x480-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>British artist Bridget Riley was another:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/riley010-353x480-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-95\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/riley010-353x480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"816\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/bridget-riley-640x480-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-96\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/bridget-riley-640x480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>There was a major exhibition of Op-Art, \u201cThe Responsive Eye\u201d at the MoMA in 1965. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ubu.com\/historical\/responsive_eye\/index.html\">The catalogue is really worth a look<\/a>.) One important aspect of Op-Art was its \u201cinteractive\u201d quality. Often the viewer became very involved in perceiving the work: moving around it, stepping back and forth, and blinking a whole lot.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Responsive Eye, Part 1 Mike Wallace 1965\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ek_lQJsU41U?feature=oembed\" width=\"840\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ek_lQJsU41U\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ek_lQJsU41U<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Historic Computer Art<\/h2>\n<p>While the Conceptual and Fluxus artists (e.g. Lewitt &amp; Ono) were thinking about rule-based art, and while the Op-Artists were thinking about mathematically-motivated, mind-bending forms, the early computer artists were thinking about both of these things, and how they could use new technologies to create them. It wasn\u2019t long after Ivan Sutherland introduced visually-oriented computing (c. 1963) that artists got involved. The first exhibitions of computer-generated art were held in the spring of 1965. Computer art is older than acrylic paint.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-1965-1968.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-97\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-1965-1968-701x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"701\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-1965-1968-701x1024.jpg 701w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-1965-1968-329x480.jpg 329w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-1965-1968-768x1122.jpg 768w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-1965-1968-1051x1536.jpg 1051w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-1965-1968.jpg 1095w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 85vw, 701px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Georg Nees, 1965-1968.<br \/>\nIn the mid-60s, as the first image plotters became available, artists began to obtain access to mainframe computers. Usually their access was limited to late nights and weekends.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-Schotter-1968.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-98\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-Schotter-1968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"861\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Georg Nees \u2013 <em>Schotter,<\/em> 1968. Like many early computer artists, Nees had to write his own graphics libraries. His works often deals with order vs disorder. He also made the world\u2019s first computer-generated sculpture in 1968 using a computer aided milling machine.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-Sculpture-1968.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-99\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-Sculpture-1968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-Sculpture-1968.jpg 552w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Georg-Nees-Sculpture-1968-442x480.jpg 442w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Deep Dive: Vera Moln\u00e1r<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/molnar-1960s.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/molnar-1960s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"1026\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/molnar-1960s.jpg 290w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/molnar-1960s-281x480.jpg 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vera Molnar, born 1924, is a living Hungarian-French artist who was one of the first ten people to make art with a digital computer. She started developing algorithmic images (by hand, with pen on paper) in 1959; in 1968, she started working with a computer at the experimental psychology lab in Sorbonne, where she wrote FORTRAN programs to create her first plotter drawings.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-60\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/04_2470-611x480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"611\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/04_2470-611x480.jpg 611w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/04_2470.jpg 764w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 611px) 85vw, 611px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Vera-Molnar-Interruptions-1968-69-.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-103\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Vera-Molnar-Interruptions-1968-69-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"815\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Vera-Molnar-Interruptions-1968-69-.jpg 815w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Vera-Molnar-Interruptions-1968-69--489x480.jpg 489w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Vera-Molnar-Interruptions-1968-69--768x754.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 815px) 85vw, 815px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-scaled.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-61\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-1024x1014.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"832\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-1024x1014.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-485x480.jpeg 485w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-768x761.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-1536x1521.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-2048x2029.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Molnar1974DesOrdres1-1200x1189.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(Above) Vera Moln\u00e1r, <em>Des(Ordres)<\/em>, 1970.<\/p>\n<p>She wrote: \u201cThanks to its many possibilities of combination the computer helps to systematically research the visual realm, helps the painter to free herself from cultural \u2032readymades\u2032 and find combinations in forms never seen before, neither in nature nor at a museum: It helps to create inconceivable images. The computer helps, but it does not \u2032do\u2032, does not \u2032design\u2032 or \u2032invent\u2032 anything. To avoid another misunderstanding I wish to underline something else: The fact that something is new and has not been seen before is no guarantee in any manner for its aesthetic quality. Was the portrayal of a young man with curly hair \u2212 D\u00fcrer\u2032s self-portrait from around 1500 \u2212 new?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Vera Molnar\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6UUB2kplKOU?feature=oembed\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Vera Moln&amp;aacute;r, interview | Paris | 11 July 2017\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/273642211?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>(<em>Watch from 15:10<\/em>)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Tools &amp; Resources<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/p5js.org\/\">p5.js<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Editor.p5js.org and p5 mode<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/processing.org\/\">Processing (Java)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/TheCodingTrain\/playlists\">The Coding Train<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Scalable Vector Graphics<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/golanlevin\/DrawingWithMachines\/blob\/main\/generating_svg\/README.md\">What is an SVG?<\/a>\u00a0How can I generate an SVG?<\/li>\n<li>Demonstration: Re-coding Molnar&#8217;s 1974 <em>Des(Ordres)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>A line is a dot that went for a walk.<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1_JeB4RLx0fLWUvzK7qQO05Q.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-65\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1_JeB4RLx0fLWUvzK7qQO05Q-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"840\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1_JeB4RLx0fLWUvzK7qQO05Q-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1_JeB4RLx0fLWUvzK7qQO05Q-480x480.png 480w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1_JeB4RLx0fLWUvzK7qQO05Q-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1_JeB4RLx0fLWUvzK7qQO05Q-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1_JeB4RLx0fLWUvzK7qQO05Q.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Shantell Martin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7ywYnk0-xUY\">follows the line<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Zach Lieberman&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/135073747\">2015 Eyeo lecture<\/a>\u00a0(7:20 &#8211; 18:40)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Be3R5YEKFN0\"><em>CURVES<\/em><\/a> by Masahiko Sato (0:15\u20136:45; 13:20\u201319:20). \u201cA line is a miracle that you draw when you throw it.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Processing code for Des(Ordres) Re-Code<\/h3>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an SVG version of Molnar&#8217;s <em>Des(Ordres)<\/em> project (1970), and the Processing code that produced it.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/desorders-1970-molnar.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-276\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/desorders-1970-molnar.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2021\/09\/desorders-1970-molnar.svg 150w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2021\/09\/desorders-1970-molnar.svg 1024w, https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2021\/09\/desorders-1970-molnar.svg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 85vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<pre>import processing.svg.*;\r\n\r\nvoid setup() {\r\n  size(768, 768); \/\/ 8x8\"\r\n  noLoop(); \/\/ Just execute once!\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid draw() {\r\n  background(255);\r\n  beginRecord(SVG, \"desorders-1970-molnar.svg\");\r\n\r\n  stroke(0);\r\n  noFill(); \/\/ Don't create duplicate shapes!\r\n\r\n  int nCells = 17;\r\n  rectMode(CENTER);\r\n  for (int row =0; row&lt;nCells; row++) {\r\n    for (int col =0; col&lt;nCells; col++) {\r\n      float rw = (width)\/ (float)(nCells+1);\r\n      float rh = rw;\r\n      float rx = rw + map(col, 0, nCells, 0, width-rw);\r\n      float ry = rh + map(row, 0, nCells, 0, height-rh);\r\n\r\n      float deviation = 4;\r\n      for (int i=1; i&lt;=10; i++) {\r\n        float frac = map(i, 0, 10, 0, 1);\r\n        if (random(1.0) &lt; 0.6) {\r\n\r\n          float x1 = rx - rw*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          float y1 = ry - rh*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          float x2 = rx + rw*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          float y2 = ry - rh*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          float x3 = rx + rw*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          float y3 = ry + rh*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          float x4 = rx - rw*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          float y4 = ry + rh*frac\/2 + frac*deviation*random(-1,1);\r\n          \r\n          quad(x1,y1, x2, y2, x3,y3, x4, y4); \r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  endRecord();\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Agenda Personal introductions Rule-Based Drawing Games (Algorithm Ice-Breaker) Sprouts; The Beach\u00a0[Each turn, find the most empty space on the paper and place a dot in the middle of it.] Web site overview (Deliverables, Daily Notes, login procedure) Google calendar &amp; semester grand overview Examine Offering #1; Upload &amp; post your Drawing Machine Review Drawing Machines &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/daily-notes\/09-01-lines-and-svgs\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;09-01 Lines and SVGs&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":17,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":277,"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59\/revisions\/277"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.ideate.cmu.edu\/60-428\/f2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}